Cubeta
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Cubeta (celda de muestra, celdas de absorción) es básicamente un tubo de ensayo diseñado para el análisis óptico. Cubetas estándares normalmente tienen la sección transversal cuadrada o triangular para evitar defectos de refracción. Material depende una parte de la cubeta - puede ser cuarzo o vidrio óptico. Cubetas de plástico se usan también, pero para actividades menos frecuentes.
Características del producto+
Otros tipos de cubetas son más caros que cubetas de plástico. Son de un sólo uso y se eliminan una vez completado un experimento espectrométrico para prevenir el riesgo de reuso de cubetas y el daño de cuarzo costoso. Se puede analizar color y gama de rayos UV a través de este tipo de cubetas. Es apto para despositar 70µl, volumen medio está entre 1.5ml y 3.0ml, el volumen más grande que se puede despositar en cubetas es 2.5ml o más.[1]
Algunas cubetas pueden ser transparentes sólo en los lados opuestos, así que un sólo rayo de luz pasa a través de este par de lados. A menudo lados no transparentes son nervados o ásperos para facilitar el manejo. Cubetas usadas para espectroscopia fluorescente [2] debe ser transparente por todos los cuatro lados, porque fluorescencia se mide en ángulo recto a la trayectoria del rayo para limitar la contribución del rayo en sí mismo. Algunas cubetas, conocidas como cubetas “tándem” tienen la barrera de vidrio que ocupa 2/3 del interior de cubeta, así que mediciones pueden llevarse a cabo con dos soluciones separadas y nuevamente cuando están mixtas. Normalmente la sección transversal de cubeta es 10 mm (0,39 pulgadas) para facilitar el cálculo de índices de absorción. Para medir una muestra, la parte transparente de cubeta debe estar colocada hacia la luz en espectrofotómetro. Para mediciones más precisas tubos de ensayo deben estar limpios y no tener ningun arañazo.[3]
Cubetas para el uso en experimentos de dicroísmo [4] circular nunca tienen que estar sometidas al estrés mecánico, ya que el último induce la doble refracción [5] en cuarzo y afecta a los resultados de mediciones..
Technical Information+
Vial Finish Specifications
- Andard Screw Thread Finish
- "T" = Outer diameter of the thread
- "E" = Inside diameter of the thread
- "ID" = Inside diameter
- "S" = Start of thread
- "H" = Distance from top of finish to shoulder for closure clearance
- Andard Screw Thread Finish
- "T" = Outer diameter of the thread
- "E" = Inside diameter of the thread
- "ID" = Inside diameter
- "S" = Start of thread
- "H" = Distance from top of finish to shoulder for closure clearance
Screw Thread Finishes
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GPI refers to the "Glass Packaging Institute"
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The GPI is responsible for establishing and issuing standards for the types and finishes produced by American glass manufacturers.
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GPI refers to the "Glass Packaging Institute"
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The GPI is responsible for establishing and issuing standards for the types and finishes produced by American glass manufacturers.
-
GPI refers to the "Glass Packaging Institute"
-
The GPI is responsible for establishing and issuing standards for the types and finishes produced by American glass manufacturers.
-
GPI refers to the "Glass Packaging Institute"
-
The GPI is responsible for establishing and issuing standards for the types and finishes produced by American glass manufacturers.
Typical GPI finishes found in the chromatography field are as follows:
Glass Technical Information
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Borosilicate - A glass that is high in silicate and having at least 5% boron oxide.
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Linear Coefficient of Expansion - Fractional change in length of glass per degree change in temperature.
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Strain Point - Maximum temperature to which glass should be heated during use"
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USP Type - Pharmaceutical glass containers can be classified as USP Type I, II, III or NP.
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Type I - Borosilicate glass represents the least reactive glass.
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Type I glass has the least pH shift. (Lowest leaching characteristics) Coefficient of Expansion = 33 or 51 for Clear and 51 for Amber
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Type II - is de-alkalized soda lime glass with higher levels of sodium hydroxide and calcium oxide.
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Type III - soda lime glass - cannot be autoclaved.
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Type NP - general purpose soda-lime glass used where chemical durability and heat shock are not factors.
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Coefficient of Expansion = 92.
Types of Glass:
GLASS PROPERTIES
| Color |
Clear |
Amber |
|---|---|---|
|
Linear Coefficient of Expansion |
33 |
51 |
|
Strain Point (Degrees Celsius) |
515 |
535 |
|
USP Class Type |
Type 1 |
Type 1 |
|
Light Protection |
No |
Yes |
Plastic Properties
| Type of Plastic | Type of Plastic | Type of Plastic | Type of Plastic | Type of Plastic | Type of Plastic |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maximum use temperature, C/F | 80°C/176°F | 80°C/176°F | 80°C/176°F | 80°C/176°F | 80°C/176°F |
| Maximum use temperature, C/F | 80°C/176°F | 80°C/176°F | 80°C/176°F | 80°C/176°F | 80°C/176°F |
| Maximum use temperature, C/F | 80°C/176°F | 80°C/176°F | 80°C/176°F | 80°C/176°F | 80°C/176°F |
| Maximum use temperature, C/F | 80°C/176°F | 80°C/176°F | 80°C/176°F | 80°C/176°F | 80°C/176°F |
| Maximum use temperature, C/F | 80°C/176°F | 80°C/176°F | 80°C/176°F | 80°C/176°F | 80°C/176°F |
PP* = Some radiation resistant polypropylene resins available.
**Flexibility - Depends on thickness.
SEPTA SELECTION GUIDE
| Materials | Compatability | Incompatability | Resealability |
|---|---|---|---|
| Silicone | Alcohols, acetone, ether, DMF, DMSO |
ACN, THF, chloroform, pyridine, benezene, toluene, hexane, heptane |
VERY GOOD |
| PTFE/Silicone PTFE/Silicone/PTFE |
PTFE resistance until punctured then septa or liner will have silicone compatability |
|
VERY GOOD VERY GOOD |
| Rubber (Natural Butyl)
|
ACN, Acetone, DMF, alcohols Diethylamine, DMSO, Phenol |
Chlorinated solvents, aromatics, hydrocarbons, carbon disulfide |
EXCELLENT |
| Natural PTFE/ Natural Rubber Butyl PTFE/Butyl |
PTFE resistance until punctured then septa or liner will have rubber compatability |
|
VERY GOOD VERY GOOD |
| Viton*
|
Chlorinated solvents, benezene, toluene, alcohols, hexane, heptane |
DMF, DMSO, ACN, THF, pyridine dioxane, methanol, acetone |
VERY GOOD
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Process Flow Diagram+
- STEP 01
The workers clean the tubing with cloth
- STEP 02
The workers plug the tubing into machine for making vials
- STEP 03
The vials are transferred to QC for Physical Test
- STEP 04
The workers put the tested vials into one big package (500-800pcs/pack)
- STEP 05
The workers get the vials from big package and put the vials into one special tray.
- STEP 06
Put the tray with vials into the Water injection machine
- STEP 07
The vials in tray will be transferred to next step for Ultrasonic oscillations.
- STEP 08
The vials in tray will be transferred to Jilt water machine.
- STEP 09
The vials in tray will be transferred to Infrared drying case.
- STEP 10
The workers will collect the vials after vials are dry.
- STEP 07
The vials in tray will be transferred to next step for Ultrasonic oscillations.
- STEP 11
The workers will check all the vials inclouding the bottom neck ,bottom ,inerts.
- STEP 12
The workers will pack 100pieces vials into one package.
- STEP 13
The workers will send the package to sealing machine for packing.
FAQ+
WHAT TO CONSIDER WHEN SELECTING AN AUTOSAMPLER VIAL
Autosampler Compatibility
Not all autosamplers are alike. Some utilize robotic arms to pick up a sample vial; some use tray rotation while others move the sampling needle to the respective vial coordinates. The dimensions of autosampler vials vary. Most autosamplers are equipped with trays that use 12x32mm vial ...Not all autosamplers are alike. Some utilize robotic arms to pick up a sample vial; some use tray rotation while others move the sampling needle to the respective vial coordinates. The dimensions of autosampler vials vary. Most autosamplers are equipped with trays that use 12x32mm vial ...
MOREWHAT TO CONSIDER WHEN SELECTING AN AUTOSAMPLER VIAL
Autosampler Compatibility
Not all autosamplers are alike. Some utilize robotic arms to pick up a sample vial; some use tray rotation while others move the sampling needle to the respective vial coordinates. The dimensions of autosampler vials vary. Most autosamplers are equipped with trays that use 12x32mm vial ...Not all autosamplers are alike. Some utilize robotic arms to pick up a sample vial; some use tray rotation while others move the sampling needle to the respective vial coordinates. The dimensions of autosampler vials vary. Most autosamplers are equipped with trays that use 12x32mm vial ...
MOREConsulta
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